レッスン 4 - To Be
導入
このレッスンでは、非常に一般的な英語の動詞 be を使用する方法を学びます。 また、英語の代名詞と「possessive adjectives」も学びます。
レッスンには短い会話が含まれており、日常的な場面で英語を話す方法を学ぶことができます。
会話
Eric and Ashley are walking to a restaurant for lunch. On the way they see Eric's friend Tom.
Eric: Hi Tom. How's it going?
Tom: Good.
Eric: This is Ashley. She is from London.
Tom: Nice to meet you Ashley.
Ashley: Nice to meet you too. Are you hungry? We're going for lunch.
Tom: I'm hungry, but I have to go back to work. Maybe I'll see you later.
Ashley: Bye.
Eric: Let's go. John is already there.
レストランに向かう途中、彼らはエリックの友人であるトムを参照してください。
Eric: こんにちはトム。 調子はどう？
Tom: 良い。
Eric: これはアシュリーです。 彼女はロンドン出身です。
Tom: 始めまして。
Ashley: 私の方もお会いできてうれしいです。 空腹ですか？ 私たちは昼食のために行きます。
Tom: 私はお腹がすいたが、私は仕事に戻る必要があります。 たぶん私は後であなたに会います。
Ashley: さようなら
Eric: 行こう。 ジョンはすでにそこにあります。
語彙と例文
Are you hungry?
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空腹ですか？ |
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I'm hungry.
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お腹がすきました。 |
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Are you sure?
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本気ですか？ |
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Can you help me?
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手伝って頂けますか？ |
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How much is it?
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いくらですか? |
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How's it going?
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調子はどう？ |
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Let's go.
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行こう。 |
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I don't like it.
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私はそれが気に入りません。 |
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I found it.
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見つけた。 |
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Look out!
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危ない！ |
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That's interesting.
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それは面白い。 |
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What's going on?
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何が起こっていますか？ |
広告
文法
Pronouns
Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns in a sentence. Pronouns are a very important part of the English language, so be sure to take the time to learn them.
There are three types of pronouns in English: subject, object, and possessive. The subject is what is doing the action and the object is what is receiving or affected by the action.
Possessive Adjectives are used in front of a noun to show who the noun belongs to. Possessive pronouns are pronouns that indicate ownership. They can be used to replace a possessive adjective and its noun. For example: It is my cup. It is mine. The cup is mine.
The pronoun you is used when referring to a single person as well as multiple people. Its subject and object forms are the same. You is used in both formal and informal situations.
| Subject | Object | Poss. Adj. | Poss. Pronoun | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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I
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me | my | mine | 私 |
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you
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you | your | yours | 貴方 |
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he
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him | his | his | 彼 |
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she
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her | her | hers | 彼女 |
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it
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it | its | its | それ |
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we
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us | our | ours | 我々 |
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they
|
them | their | theirs | 彼ら |
Reflexive Pronouns
A reflexive pronoun is used as the object when the subject and object are the same person. The expression by + reflexive pronoun means alone. Example: Anna lives by herself.
The following table shows the English reflexive pronouns.
| Pronoun | Reflexive Pronoun |
|---|---|
| I | myself |
| you | yourself |
| she | herself |
| he | himself |
| it | itself |
| one | oneself |
| we | ourselves |
| they | themselves |
例
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I pour myself a glass of juice.
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Mark blames himself for the accident.
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Brad and Tammy can't finish the work by themselves.
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To Be (有る, 居る)
The verb be is very common in English. It is also the most irregular verb in the English language. It is used to describe or indicate the state of a person or object. It is also used to indicate that two concepts are the same or equal.
| be | 有る, 居る |
|---|---|
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I am
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you are
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he is
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she is
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it is
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we are
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they are
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Contraction
A contraction is a shortened version of a word, or a group of words. Contractions are indicated by an apostrophe.
The English language has many contractions. Contractions are very common with pronouns and the verb be. The following table shows the contractions between pronouns and the verb be.
| I am | I'm |
| you are | you're |
| he is | he's |
| she is | she's |
| it is | it's |
| we are | we're |
| they are | they're |
例
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Where are you?
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どこにいますか？ |
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Where is she?
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彼女はどこ？ |
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We're here.
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私たちはここにいる。 |
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He's on his way.
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彼はすでに去りました。 |
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She is thirsty.
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彼女はのどが渇いています。 |
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I'm hungry.
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お腹がすきました。 |
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I saw him.
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私は彼を見た。 |
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We saw her.
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私たちは彼女を見ました。 |
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He saw them.
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彼はそれらを見ました。 |
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You are late.
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遅いよ。 |
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They are angry.
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彼らは怒っています。 |
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This is my friend.
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これは私の友人であります。 |
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The house is ours.
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家は私たちのものです。 |
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The sky is blue.
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空が青いです。 |
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That is my shirt.
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それは私のシャツです。 |
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That is your cup.
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それはあなたのカップです。 |
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Their cups are empty.
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彼らのカップは空です。 |
稽古
オーディオアイコンを押して、あなたが聞いている英語の単語や文章を書いてください。 あなたの答えが正しいかどうかを確認するには、チェックボタンを押してください。
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クイズ
ここでは、このレッスンに含まれる英語の語彙を学び、あなたの進歩をテストするのを助けるための短いオンライン試験です。
