第十三课 - Comparisons
介绍
In this lesson you'll learn how to make comparisons in English, including how to use the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives. You'll also learn some common English phrases that are used when making plans.
谈话
English
Alice and Mary are at a cafe. Mary goes up to the counter to order.
Barrista: Good morning. What would you like?
Mary: Good morning. I'd like a large coffee and a blueberry muffin.
Barrista: That'll be five dollars and fifty cents. How would you like to pay?
Mary: With my credit card.
Mary pays then takes her coffee and muffin and sits down at a table by the window. A couple minutes later Alice sits down as well.
Mary: What did you get?
Alice: I got a lemon-mint green tea and a cinnamon coffee cake.
Mary: The coffee cake looks very good. I wish I had have gotten one of those.
Alice: I had one last week and I really like it. What are your plans for the weekend?
Mary: I'm going to the beach with my sister and nephew on Saturday. Do you want to come along?
Alice: I can't. I'm going to visit my parents on Saturday. What are you up to on Sunday?
Mary: I don't have any plans.
Alice: Do you want to go for a bike ride.
Mary: Sure.
词汇和短语
Here are some common English phrases related to making plans. To help you learn these phrases, try creating your own conversations using them.
| What are your plans for the weekend? | |
| What are you up to tonight? | |
| What are you doing tomorrow? | |
| Not much. | |
| I'm not sure yet. | |
| Do you have any plans for the weekend? | |
| I'm going to go to the beach. | |
| I'm planning to go camping on the weekend. | |
| I don't have any plans. | |
| I'm just going to stay home and relax. | |
| What time do you want to go? | |
| When should we meet? | |
| Where should we meet. | |
| Would you like to go to a movie tonight? | |
| Do you want to go to the beach tomorrow? |
广告
语法
Comparing Adjectives
Adjectives are used to describe a quality or attribute of a noun. This lesson covers how to compare a quality of two or more nouns.
Indicating Equality
To indicate that a noun has the same quality as another noun, the following construction is used:
as <adjective> as
| Today is as cold as yesterday. | 今天是昨天一样冷。 |
| You are as smart as I am. | 您是一样聪明的我。 |
| Your house is as big as my house. | 你的房子是一样大，我的房子。 |
Indicating Less of a Quality
To indicate that a a noun has less of a quality than another noun, the following construction is used.
not as <adjective> as
The following construction can also be used:
less <adjective> than
For example:
| Today is less cold than yesterday. | 今天比昨天少严寒。 |
| Today is not as cold as yesterday. | 今天没有昨天那么冷。 |
| Your house is not as big as my house. | 你的房子是不是一样大，我的房子。 |
Comparative
There are two ways to indicate that a noun has a greater quality than another noun. The first way is to add "er" to the end of the adjective. This is called the comparative form of the adjective. The second way is to add the word "more" before the adjective. The following rules are used to determine which form to use.
- If the adjective has one syllable and ends in a consonant, er is added to the end of the adjective. Sometimes the final consonant is also doubled.
- If the adjective has one syllable and ends in e, then r is added to the end of the adjective.
- If the adjective is two syllables and ends in y, the y is changed to an i and er is added to the end of the adjective.
- If the adjective is two syllables and ends in ow, then er is added to the end of the adjective.
- If the adjective is two syllables and does not end in y or ow, then the word more is added before the adjective. Some of these two syllable adjectives can use the er suffix instead.
- For adjectives with three or more syllables always use the word more with the adjective. The suffix er is never used with these adjectives.
| Adjective | Comparative |
|---|---|
| big | bigger |
| great | greater |
| happy | happier |
| narrow | narrower |
| intelligent | more intelligent |
| quiet | quieter or more quiet |
| white | whiter |
| broken | more broken |
Superlative
To indicate that a noun has the most of a quality within a group, either the superlative form of the adjective is used, or the word most is added before the adjective. The following rules are used to determine which form to use.
- If the adjective has one syllable and ends in a consonant, est is added to the end of the adjective. Sometimes the final consonant is also doubled.
- If the adjective has one syllable and ends in e, then st is added to the end of the adjective.
- If the adjective is two syllables and ends in y, the y is changed to an i and est is added to the end of the adjective.
- If the adjective is two syllables and ends in ow, then est is added to the end of the adjective.
- If the adjective is two syllables and does not end in y or ow, then the word most is added before the adjective. Some of these two syllable adjectives can use the est suffix instead.
- For adjectives with three or more syllables always use the word most with the adjective. The suffix est is never used with these adjectives.
| Adjective | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| big | bigger | biggest |
| great | greater | greatest |
| happy | happier | happiest |
| narrow | narrower | narrowest |
| intelligent | more intelligent | most intelligent |
| quiet | quieter or more quiet | quietest or most quiet |
| white | whiter | whitest |
| broken | more broken | most broken |
广告
例子
| That's the biggest dog I've ever seen. | 这是我见过的最大的狗。 |
| That's the oldest house in the neighborhood. | 这是在附近最古老的房子。 |
| Your house is bigger than our house. | 你的房子比我们的房子大。 |
| His car is more expensive than mine. | 他的车比我的贵。 |
| She is the most intelligent person I have ever met. | 她是我见过的最聪明的人。 |
Irregular Forms
Some adjectives have irregular comparative and superlative forms. The following table shows the irregular forms.
| Adjective | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| good | better | best |
| bad | worse | worst |
| little | less | least |
| many | more | most |
| much | more | most |
Comparing Adverbs
The comparative form of adverbs is created by adding the mord more before the adverb the superlative form of adverbs is created by adding the word most before the adverb.
| Adverb | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| quietly | more quietly | most quietly |
| frequently | more frequently | most frequently |
| carefully | more carefully | most carefully |
测验
这是一个简短的在线考试，可帮助您学习本课程中包含的英语词汇并测试您的进度。
