第十一课 - 现在完成时
介绍
In this lesson, you'll learn about the verb have. you'll also learn how to use the past participle of verbs as well as how to use the present perfect tense. The lesson starts with a short English conversation.
谈话
English
Tom and Sarah are talking during lunch break. Tom mentions a new band that he really likes.
Tom: Have you heard any of the songs from the new band Syndica?
Sarah: No. I haven't heard of that band before.
Tom: They've only been around for about a year. They released their first album just last week.
Sarah: Have they played any shows around here?
Tom: They've played at the Commodore theater before. They have another concert planned next month. I've already bought a ticket for it.
Sarah: I'll listen to them tonight, and if I like them, maybe I'll go too.
Eric: It'll be a great show. I haven't been to any concerts lately, so I'm really looking forward to it.
Sarah: I haven't seen any good concerts yet this year either.
Eric: Let me know if you decide to go to the concert. Tom and I, and maybe a few others, are going to have dinner before the show. You're welcome to join us.
Sarah: Thanks. It sounds like fun.
词汇和短语
Let me know if you decide to go to the concert.
|
让我知道如果你决定去音乐会。 |
|
You're welcome to join us.
|
欢迎你参加我们。 |
|
It sounds like fun.
|
这听起来很好玩。 |
|
Have they played any shows around here?
|
|
|
songs
|
歌曲 |
|
band
|
乐队 |
|
before
|
以往 |
|
during
|
中 |
|
they released
|
他们发布了 |
|
album
|
专辑 |
|
just last week
|
就在上周 |
|
concert
|
音乐会 |
|
to mention
|
提到 |
|
to like
|
喜欢 |
|
to plan
|
计划 |
|
theater
|
剧院 |
|
ticket
|
票 |
|
maybe
|
有可能 |
|
to look forward to
|
期待 |
广告
语法
The Verb Have
The verb have is one of the most common verbs in English and has several different meanings. Here are some of the more common one:
- own
- possess
- hold
- include
- consume or use up
- state the existence of
- to be scheduled to attend undertake, or perform and action
- experience or undergo
- be afflicted with
- cause to be
The verb have is also used as a helper verb to create the present perfect tense, which will be covered later in this lesson. The following table shows the present and past tense of the verb have.
| Present Tense | Past Tense | |
|---|---|---|
| I | have | had |
| you | have | had |
| he | has | had |
| it | has | had |
| she | has | had |
| we | have | had |
| they | have | had |
例子
| I have a laptop. | 我有一台笔记本电脑。 |
| I have his car keys. | 我有他的车钥匙。 |
| The door has a lock. | 门有一个锁。 |
| I have a brother. | 我有个兄弟。 |
| I had a cold. | 我感冒了 |
| I have an appointment at 3:00. | 我三点钟有约会。 |
| I have too much work to do. | 我有太多工作要做。 |
| We had a great time. | 我们玩得很开心。 |
The Past Participle
The past particple is a form of a verb that can be used to turn verbs into adjectives. The past participle can also be used with the auxiliary verb have to create certain verb tenses such as the present perfect tense that will be discussed later in the lesson.
For most verbs, the past participle is the same as the past tense. Some example of past participles that are the same as the past tense are shown in the following table.
| Verb | Past Tense | Past Participle | 汉语 |
|---|---|---|---|
| close | closed | closed | 关闭 |
| learn | learned | learned | 学习 |
| have | had | had | 拥有 |
| think | thought | thought | 认为 |
| find | found | found | 发现 |
There are some very common verbs in English that have a unique form of the past participle. Most verbs whose past tense is creating by changing the vowel have a unique form of the past participle. Some common verbs with a unique form of the past participle are shown in the following table.
| Verb | Past Tense | Past Participle | 汉语 |
|---|---|---|---|
| be | was | been | 是 |
| go | went | gone | 走 |
| begin | began | begun | 开始 |
| drink | drank | drunk | 饮用 |
| ring | rang | rung | 响 |
| sing | sang | sung | 唱歌 |
| sink | sank | sunk | 下沉 |
| swim | swam | swum | 游泳 |
| bite | bit | bidden | 咬 |
| hide | hid | hidden | 隐藏 |
| drive | drove | driven | 驱动 |
| ride | rode | ridden | 骑 |
| rise | rose | risen | 上升 |
| strive | strove | striven | 努力, 力图 |
| write | wrote | written | 写 |
| break | broke | broken | 打破 |
| choose | chose | chosen | 选择 |
| freeze | frose | frosen | 冻结 |
| fly | flew | flown | 飞 |
| come | came | come | 来 |
| do | did | done | 做 |
| eat | ate | eaten | 吃饭 |
| find | found | found | 发现 |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | 忘记 |
| give | gave | given | 给 |
| throw | threw | thrown | 扔, 抛 |
| know | knew | known | 知道 |
| run | ran | run | 跑 |
| see | saw | seen | 看到 |
| speak | spoke | spoken | 说话 |
| take | took | taken | 采取 |
例子
| a locked door | 锁门 |
| a broken window | 一扇破碎的窗户 |
| a hidden treasure | 隐藏的宝藏 |
广告
Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect tense is created in English by using the past participle of a verb along with the present tense of the verb have.
The following table shows how to create the present perfect tense for the verb walk.
| Present Perfect Tense |
|---|
| I have walked |
| you have walked |
| he has walked |
| she has walked |
| it has walked |
| we have walked |
| they have walked |
The present perfect tense is used in English to describe:
- an action that started in the past and continues into the present
- an action that started in the past and just finished
- a repeated series of actions that have finished in the past, but are likely to happen again in the future
- a change that has happened over an extended amount of time.
For example:
| I've gone to see the ocean. |
| I have seen the ocean. |
| I have seen the ocean many times. |
| I have seen the ocean, but I can't remember when. |
| She has grown since the last time I saw her. |
Never use the present perfect tense with with words such as today, yesterday, days of the week, or other words that indicate a specific time. For a single action that happened at a specific time in the past, the simple past tense needs to be used. For example:
| I saw the ocean yesterday. |
| I saw the ocean on Monday. |
| I saw the ocean in June. |
| I saw the ocean on our vacation. |
例子
| I have been to Spain. | 我去过西班牙。 |
| She has gotten better at math. | 她得到了在数学方面更好。 |
| I have learned another language. | 我已经学会了另一种语言。 |
| They have done that already. | 他们已经做到了。 |
| We have seen the movie. | 我们已经看过这部电影。 |
| He has written a book. | 他写了一本书。 |
| The book has been read by many people. | 该书已被很多人阅读。 |
Contractions
Contractions are often used with pronouns and have.
例子
| I've done that too many times. | 我做了那太多次。 |
| You've seen it already. | 你已经看到了。 |
| She's taken that course before. | 她之前是采取了课程。 |
| He's watched the show five times already. | 他观看演出已经五次。 |
Negative Statements with the Present Perfect
The following table shows the forms of the present perfect tense that are used to make a negative statement.
| Negative Form |
|---|
| I haven't walked |
| you haven't walked |
| he hasn't walked |
| she hasn't walked |
| it hasn't walked |
| we haven't walked |
| they haven't walked |
You can also create a negative statement by using the adverb never after the verb have.
例子
| It hasn't happened before. | 它没有发生过。 |
| I haven't been there. | 我没去过那里。 |
| We've never been there. | 我们从来没有去过那里。 |
| I have never done that. | 我从来没有做过的。 |
Question Form of the Present Perfect
To make a questions with the present perfect tense, the noun or pronoun follows the auxiliary verb have.
| Question Form |
|---|
| Have I walked? |
| Have you walked? |
| Has he walked? |
| Has she walked? |
| Has it walked? |
| Have we walked? |
| Have they walked? |
例子
| Have you ever seen a bear? | 你见过熊？ |
| Has the car ever worked? | 拥有了汽车有史以来运作？ |
| Have the books been read yet? | 有没有人读的书？ |
| Have you thought about it? | 你有没有想过这个问题？ |
| Has it happened before? | 它以前发生过吗？ |
| Have you seen it already? | 你已经看过了吗？ |
| Where have you been? | 你去哪儿了？ |
Flashcards
Here are some flashcards to help you learn the present perfect tense of some common English verbs.
测验
In the quiz for this lesson, you'll practice writing sentences using the present perfect tense. You can take the quiz as many times as you like. Your highest score will be saved.
