Lição 13 - Comparisons
Introdução
In this lesson you'll learn how to make comparisons in English, including how to use the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives. You'll also learn some common English phrases that are used when making plans.
Conversações
English
Alice and Mary are at a cafe. Mary goes up to the counter to order.
Barrista: Good morning. What would you like?
Mary: Good morning. I'd like a large coffee and a blueberry muffin.
Barrista: That'll be five dollars and fifty cents. How would you like to pay?
Mary: With my credit card.
Mary pays then takes her coffee and muffin and sits down at a table by the window. A couple minutes later Alice sits down as well.
Mary: What did you get?
Alice: I got a lemon-mint green tea and a cinnamon coffee cake.
Mary: The coffee cake looks very good. I wish I had have gotten one of those.
Alice: I had one last week and I really like it. What are your plans for the weekend?
Mary: I'm going to the beach with my sister and nephew on Saturday. Do you want to come along?
Alice: I can't. I'm going to visit my parents on Saturday. What are you up to on Sunday?
Mary: I don't have any plans.
Alice: Do you want to go for a bike ride.
Mary: Sure.
Português
Alice e Maria estão num café. Maria dirige-se ao balcão para fazer o seu pedido.
Barrista: Bom dia. O que é que deseja?
Mary: Bom dia. Queria um café grande e um muffin de mirtilo.
Barrista: São cinco dólares e cinquenta centavos. Como você gostaria de pagar?
Mary: Com o meu cartão de crédito.
Maria paga então toma seu café e muffin e senta-se em uma mesa à janela. Alguns minutos depois, Alice também se senta.
Mary O que você conseguiu?
Alice: Eu tenho um chá verde de limão-hortelã e um cinnamon coffee cake.
Mary: O coffee cake parece muito bom. Eu gostaria de ter conseguido um desses.
Alice: Eu tive um (cinnamon coffee cake) na semana passada e eu realmente gosto disso. Quais são os seus planos para o fim de semana?
Mary: Vou à praia com minha irmã e meu sobrinho no sábado. Você quer vir junto?
Alice: Não posso. Vou visitar meus pais no sábado. O que você está fazendo no domingo?
Mary: Não tenho quaisquer planos.
Alice: Queres ir dar um passeio de bicicleta?
Mary: Claro que sim.
Vocabulário e Frases
Here are some common English phrases related to making plans. To help you learn these phrases, try creating your own conversations using them.
| What are your plans for the weekend? | O que você está fazendo no domingo? |
| What are you up to tonight? | O que você quer fazer hoje à noite? |
| What are you doing tomorrow? | O que você vai fazer amanhã? |
| Not much. | Não muito. |
| I'm not sure yet. | Eu ainda não tenho certeza. |
| Do you have any plans for the weekend? | Você tem planos para o fim de semana? |
| I'm going to go to the beach. | Eu vou para a praia. |
| I'm planning to go camping on the weekend. | Estou planejando acampar no fim de semana. |
| I don't have any plans. | Não tenho quaisquer planos. |
| I'm just going to stay home and relax. | Eu só vou ficar em casa e relaxar. |
| What time do you want to go? | Que hora você quer ir? |
| When should we meet? | Quando devemos nos encontrar? |
| Where should we meet. | Onde devemos nos encontrar. |
| Would you like to go to a movie tonight? | Você gostaria de ir a um cinema esta noite? |
| Do you want to go to the beach tomorrow? | Você quer ir para a praia amanhã? |
Anúncio
Gramática
Comparing Adjectives
Adjectives are used to describe a quality or attribute of a noun. This lesson covers how to compare a quality of two or more nouns.
Indicating Equality
To indicate that a noun has the same quality as another noun, the following construction is used:
as <adjective> as
| Today is as cold as yesterday. | Hoje é tão frio quanto ontem. |
| You are as smart as I am. | Você é tão inteligente como eu sou. |
| Your house is as big as my house. | Sua casa é tão grande quanto a minha casa. |
Indicating Less of a Quality
To indicate that a a noun has less of a quality than another noun, the following construction is used.
not as <adjective> as
The following construction can also be used:
less <adjective> than
For example:
| Today is less cold than yesterday. | Hoje é menos frio do que ontem. |
| Today is not as cold as yesterday. | Today is not as cold as yesterday. |
| Your house is not as big as my house. | Sua casa não é tão grande como a minha casa. |
Comparative
There are two ways to indicate that a noun has a greater quality than another noun. The first way is to add "er" to the end of the adjective. This is called the comparative form of the adjective. The second way is to add the word "more" before the adjective. The following rules are used to determine which form to use.
- If the adjective has one syllable and ends in a consonant, er is added to the end of the adjective. Sometimes the final consonant is also doubled.
- If the adjective has one syllable and ends in e, then r is added to the end of the adjective.
- If the adjective is two syllables and ends in y, the y is changed to an i and er is added to the end of the adjective.
- If the adjective is two syllables and ends in ow, then er is added to the end of the adjective.
- If the adjective is two syllables and does not end in y or ow, then the word more is added before the adjective. Some of these two syllable adjectives can use the er suffix instead.
- For adjectives with three or more syllables always use the word more with the adjective. The suffix er is never used with these adjectives.
| Adjective | Comparative |
|---|---|
| big | bigger |
| great | greater |
| happy | happier |
| narrow | narrower |
| intelligent | more intelligent |
| quiet | quieter or more quiet |
| white | whiter |
| broken | more broken |
Superlative
To indicate that a noun has the most of a quality within a group, either the superlative form of the adjective is used, or the word most is added before the adjective. The following rules are used to determine which form to use.
- If the adjective has one syllable and ends in a consonant, est is added to the end of the adjective. Sometimes the final consonant is also doubled.
- If the adjective has one syllable and ends in e, then st is added to the end of the adjective.
- If the adjective is two syllables and ends in y, the y is changed to an i and est is added to the end of the adjective.
- If the adjective is two syllables and ends in ow, then est is added to the end of the adjective.
- If the adjective is two syllables and does not end in y or ow, then the word most is added before the adjective. Some of these two syllable adjectives can use the est suffix instead.
- For adjectives with three or more syllables always use the word most with the adjective. The suffix est is never used with these adjectives.
| Adjective | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| big | bigger | biggest |
| great | greater | greatest |
| happy | happier | happiest |
| narrow | narrower | narrowest |
| intelligent | more intelligent | most intelligent |
| quiet | quieter or more quiet | quietest or most quiet |
| white | whiter | whitest |
| broken | more broken | most broken |
Anúncio
Exemplos
| That's the biggest dog I've ever seen. | Esse é o maior cão que eu já vi. |
| That's the oldest house in the neighborhood. | Essa é a mais antiga casa no bairro. |
| Your house is bigger than our house. | Sua casa é maior do que a nossa casa. |
| His car is more expensive than mine. | Seu carro é mais caro do que o meu. |
| She is the most intelligent person I have ever met. | Ela é a pessoa mais inteligente que eu já conheci. |
Irregular Forms
Some adjectives have irregular comparative and superlative forms. The following table shows the irregular forms.
| Adjective | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| good | better | best |
| bad | worse | worst |
| little | less | least |
| many | more | most |
| much | more | most |
Comparing Adverbs
The comparative form of adverbs is created by adding the mord more before the adverb the superlative form of adverbs is created by adding the word most before the adverb.
| Adverb | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| quietly | more quietly | most quietly |
| frequently | more frequently | most frequently |
| carefully | more carefully | most carefully |
Exame
Aqui está um breve exame para ajudá-lo a aprender o vocabulário de inglês incluído nesta lição.
