To Be - الدرس الرابع

المقدمة

في هذا الدرس سوف تتعلم عن الضمائر وكيفية التعبير عن الحالة الراهنة أو حالة دائمة من شخص أو كائن

محادثة

City Street

Eric and Ashley are walking to a restaurant for lunch. On the way they see Eric's friend Tom.

Eric: Hi Tom. How's it going?

Tom: Good.

Eric: This is Ashley. She is from London.

Tom: Nice to meet you Ashley.

Ashley: Nice to meet you too. Are you hungry? We're going for lunch.

Tom: I'm hungry, but I have to go back to work. Maybe I'll see you later.

Ashley: Bye.

Eric: Let's go. John is already there.

المفردات والعبارات

Are you hungry?	هل انت جائع؟
I'm hungry.	انا جائع
Are you sure?	هل أنت متأكد؟
Can you help me?	هل تستطيع مساعدتي
How much is it?	كم سعره؟
How's it going?	كيف احوالك؟
Let's go.	لنذهب.
I don't like it.	أنا لا أحب ذلك
I found it.	لقد وجدت أنه
Look out!	انتبه
That's interesting.	وهذا هو المثير للاهتمام
What's going on?	ما الذي يجري؟

الإعلانات

قواعد

Pronouns

Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns in a sentence. Pronouns are a very important part of the English language, so be sure to take the time to learn them.

There are three types of pronouns in English: subject, object, and possessive. The subject is what is doing the action and the object is what is receiving or affected by the action.

Possessive Adjectives are used in front of a noun to show who the noun belongs to. Possessive pronouns are pronouns that indicate ownership. They can be used to replace a possessive adjective and its noun. For example: It is my cup. It is mine. The cup is mine.

The pronoun you is used when referring to a single person as well as multiple people. Its subject and object forms are the same. You is used in both formal and informal situations.

Subject	Object	Poss. Adj.	Poss. Pronoun
I	me	my	mine	أنا
you	you	your	yours	انتَ / انتِ
he	him	his	his	هو
she	her	her	hers	هي
it	it	its	its	هو / هي /ذلك
we	us	our	ours	نحن
they	them	their	theirs	هم

Reflexive Pronouns

A reflexive pronoun is used as the object when the subject and object are the same person. The expression by + reflexive pronoun means alone. Example: Anna lives by herself.

The following table shows the English reflexive pronouns.

Pronoun	Reflexive Pronoun
I	myself
you	yourself
she	herself
he	himself
it	itself
one	oneself
we	ourselves
they	themselves

Examples

I pour myself a glass of juice.	أسكب لنفسي كوبًا من العصير
Mark blames himself for the accident.	مارك يلوم نفسه على الحادث
Brad and Tammy can't finish the work by themselves.	لا يمكن لبراد وتامي إنهاء العمل بأنفسهما

To Be

The verb be is very common in English. It is also the most irregular verb in the English language. It is used to describe or indicate the state of a person or object. It is also used to indicate that two concepts are the same or equal.

be	يكون
I am
you are
he is
she is
it is
we are
they are

Contraction

A contraction is a shortened version of a word, or a group of words. Contractions are indicated by an apostrophe.

The English language has many contractions. Contractions are very common with pronouns and the verb to be. The following table shows the contractions between pronouns and to be.

I am	I'm
you are	you're
he is	he's
she is	she's
it is	it's
we are	we're
they are	they're

Examples

Where are you?	أين أنت؟
Where is she?	أين هي؟
We're here.	نحن هنا.
He's on his way.	انه في طريقه
She is thirsty.	هي عطشى.
I'm hungry.	انا جائع
I saw him.	أنا رأيته.
We saw her.	شاهدنا لها.
He saw them.	انه رآهم.
You are late.	انت متأخر.
They are angry.	وهم غاضبون.
This is my friend.	هذا صديقي.
The house is ours.	المنزل هو لنا.
The sky is blue.	السماء زرقاء.
That is my shirt.	هذا هو قميصي.
That is your cup.	انت متأخر.
Their cups are empty.	أكواب هم فارغة.

ممارسة

اضغط على أيقونة الصوت ، ثم اكتب الكلمة الإنجليزية أو الجملة التي تسمعها. اضغط على زر التحقق لمعرفة ما إذا كانت إجاباتك صحيحة.

		I am
		he is
		she is
		we are
		you are
		they are
		I'm hungry.
		Let's go.
		I'll see you later.
		I saw him.

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