Lección 13 - Comparaciones
Introducción
In this lesson you'll learn how to make comparisons in English, including how to use the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives. You'll also learn some common English phrases that are used when making plans.
Conversaciones
English
Alice and Mary are at a cafe. Mary goes up to the counter to order.
Barrista: Good morning. What would you like?
Mary: Good morning. I'd like a large coffee and a blueberry muffin.
Barrista: That'll be five dollars and fifty cents. How would you like to pay?
Mary: With my credit card.
Mary pays then takes her coffee and muffin and sits down at a table by the window. A couple minutes later Alice sits down as well.
Mary: What did you get?
Alice: I got a lemon-mint green tea and a cinnamon coffee cake.
Mary: The coffee cake looks very good. I wish I had have gotten one of those.
Alice: I had one last week and I really like it. What are your plans for the weekend?
Mary: I'm going to the beach with my sister and nephew on Saturday. Do you want to come along?
Alice: I can't. I'm going to visit my parents on Saturday. What are you up to on Sunday?
Mary: I don't have any plans.
Alice: Do you want to go for a bike ride.
Mary: Sure.
Español
Alice y Mary están en una cafetería. Mary se acerca al mostrador para pedir.
Barrista: Buenos dias. ¿Qué desea?
Mary: Buenos días. Quisiera un café grande y un muffin de arándanos.
Barrista: Son cinco dólares con cincuenta centavos. ¿Cómo quiere pagar?
Mary: Con mi tarjeta de crédito.
Mary paga y luego toma su café y muffin y se sienta en una mesa junto a la ventana. Un par de minutos más tarde, Alice también se sienta.
Mary ¿Qué obtuviste?
Alice: Conseguí un té verde de limón y menta y un cinnamon coffee cake.
Mary: El coffee cake se ve muy bien. Ojalá hubiera conseguido uno de esos.
Alice: Tuve un (cinnamon coffee cake) la semana pasada y realmente me gusta. ¿Cuáles son tus planes para el fin de semana?
Mary: Voy a la playa con mi hermana y mi sobrino el sábado. ¿Quieres venir?
Alice: No puedo. Voy a visitar a mis padres el sábado. ¿Qué estás haciendo el domingo?
Mary: No tengo ningún plan.
Alice: ¿Quieres ir a dar un paseo en bicicleta.
Mary: Sí, claro.
Vocabulario y Frases
Here are some common English phrases related to making plans. To help you learn these phrases, try creating your own conversations using them.
| What are your plans for the weekend? | ¿Qué estás haciendo el domingo? |
| What are you up to tonight? | ¿Que vas a hacer esta noche? |
| What are you doing tomorrow? | ¿Qué vas a hacer mañana? |
| Not much. | No mucho. |
| I'm not sure yet. | Todavia no estoy seguro. |
| Do you have any plans for the weekend? | ¿Tienes algún plan para el fin de semana? |
| I'm going to go to the beach. | Voy a ir a la playa. |
| I'm planning to go camping on the weekend. | Estoy planeando ir de campamento el fin de semana. |
| I don't have any plans. | No tengo ningún plan. |
| I'm just going to stay home and relax. | Me voy a quedar en casa y relajarme. |
| What time do you want to go? | ¿A qué hora quieres ir? |
| When should we meet? | ¿Cuando debemos cumplir? |
| Where should we meet. | Dónde deberiamos encontrarnos. |
| Would you like to go to a movie tonight? | ¿Te gustaría ir a un cine esta noche? |
| Do you want to go to the beach tomorrow? | ¿Quieres ir a la playa mañana? |
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Gramática
Comparing Adjectives
Adjectives are used to describe a quality or attribute of a noun. This lesson covers how to compare a quality of two or more nouns.
Indicating Equality
To indicate that a noun has the same quality as another noun, the following construction is used:
as <adjective> as
| Today is as cold as yesterday. | Hoy es tan frío como ayer. |
| You are as smart as I am. | Tú eres tan inteligente como yo. |
| Your house is as big as my house. | Tu casa es tan grande como mi casa. |
Indicating Less of a Quality
To indicate that a a noun has less of a quality than another noun, the following construction is used.
not as <adjective> as
The following construction can also be used:
less <adjective> than
For example:
| Today is less cold than yesterday. | Hoy es menos frío que ayer. |
| Today is not as cold as yesterday. | Hoy no es tan frío como ayer. |
| Your house is not as big as my house. | Tu casa no es tan grande como mi casa. |
Comparative
There are two ways to indicate that a noun has a greater quality than another noun. The first way is to add "er" to the end of the adjective. This is called the comparative form of the adjective. The second way is to add the word "more" before the adjective. The following rules are used to determine which form to use.
- If the adjective has one syllable and ends in a consonant, er is added to the end of the adjective. Sometimes the final consonant is also doubled.
- If the adjective has one syllable and ends in e, then r is added to the end of the adjective.
- If the adjective is two syllables and ends in y, the y is changed to an i and er is added to the end of the adjective.
- If the adjective is two syllables and ends in ow, then er is added to the end of the adjective.
- If the adjective is two syllables and does not end in y or ow, then the word more is added before the adjective. Some of these two syllable adjectives can use the er suffix instead.
- For adjectives with three or more syllables always use the word more with the adjective. The suffix er is never used with these adjectives.
| Adjective | Comparative |
|---|---|
| big | bigger |
| great | greater |
| happy | happier |
| narrow | narrower |
| intelligent | more intelligent |
| quiet | quieter or more quiet |
| white | whiter |
| broken | more broken |
Superlative
To indicate that a noun has the most of a quality within a group, either the superlative form of the adjective is used, or the word most is added before the adjective. The following rules are used to determine which form to use.
- If the adjective has one syllable and ends in a consonant, est is added to the end of the adjective. Sometimes the final consonant is also doubled.
- If the adjective has one syllable and ends in e, then st is added to the end of the adjective.
- If the adjective is two syllables and ends in y, the y is changed to an i and est is added to the end of the adjective.
- If the adjective is two syllables and ends in ow, then est is added to the end of the adjective.
- If the adjective is two syllables and does not end in y or ow, then the word most is added before the adjective. Some of these two syllable adjectives can use the est suffix instead.
- For adjectives with three or more syllables always use the word most with the adjective. The suffix est is never used with these adjectives.
| Adjective | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| big | bigger | biggest |
| great | greater | greatest |
| happy | happier | happiest |
| narrow | narrower | narrowest |
| intelligent | more intelligent | most intelligent |
| quiet | quieter or more quiet | quietest or most quiet |
| white | whiter | whitest |
| broken | more broken | most broken |
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Ejemplos
| That's the biggest dog I've ever seen. | Ese es el perro más grande que he visto en mi vida. |
| That's the oldest house in the neighborhood. | Esa es la casa más antigua del barrio. |
| Your house is bigger than our house. | Tu casa es más grande que nuestra casa. |
| His car is more expensive than mine. | Su coche es más caro que la mía. |
| She is the most intelligent person I have ever met. | Ella es la más inteligente. |
Irregular Forms
Some adjectives have irregular comparative and superlative forms. The following table shows the irregular forms.
| Adjective | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| good | better | best |
| bad | worse | worst |
| little | less | least |
| many | more | most |
| much | more | most |
Comparing Adverbs
The comparative form of adverbs is created by adding the mord more before the adverb the superlative form of adverbs is created by adding the word most before the adverb.
| Adverb | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| quietly | more quietly | most quietly |
| frequently | more frequently | most frequently |
| carefully | more carefully | most carefully |
Examen
Aquí hay un breve examen en línea darte más práctica para aprender el vocabulario en inglés incluido en esta lección.
